School of Visual Arts Experimental Book Art Class Review

Art forms that create works that are primarily visual in nature

The visual arts are art forms such every bit painting, drawing, printmaking, sculpture, ceramics, photography, video, filmmaking, design, crafts and architecture. Many artistic disciplines such as performing arts, conceptual art, and textile arts also involve aspects of visual arts as well equally arts of other types. Too included within the visual arts^[1] are the applied arts^[ii] such as industrial design, graphic design, style design, interior design and decorative art.^[three]

Current usage of the term "visual arts" includes fine art as well every bit the practical or decorative arts and crafts, but this was not always the example. Before the Arts and Crafts Movement in Britain and elsewhere at the turn of the 20th century, the term 'artist' had for some centuries often been restricted to a person working in the fine arts (such as painting, sculpture, or printmaking) and not the decorative arts, arts and crafts, or applied Visual arts media. The distinction was emphasized by artists of the Craft Movement, who valued vernacular art forms as much as high forms.^[four] Art schools fabricated a distinction between the fine arts and the crafts, maintaining that a craftsperson could not be considered a practitioner of the arts.

The increasing tendency to privilege painting, and to a lesser degree sculpture, higher up other arts has been a feature of Western art as well equally East Asian art. In both regions painting has been seen as relying to the highest degree on the imagination of the creative person, and the furthest removed from manual labour – in Chinese painting the well-nigh highly valued styles were those of "scholar-painting", at to the lowest degree in theory practiced by gentleman amateurs. The Western hierarchy of genres reflected similar attitudes.

Didactics and preparation [edit]

Training in the visual arts has more often than not been through variations of the apprentice and workshop systems. In Europe the Renaissance movement to increase the prestige of the artist led to the university arrangement for training artists, and today almost of the people who are pursuing a career in arts train in art schools at tertiary levels. Visual arts have now become an elective subject in almost instruction systems.^{[5] [6]}

Drawing [edit]

Cartoon is a ways of making an image, illustration or graphic using any of a wide variety of tools and techniques available online and offline. It by and large involves making marks on a surface by applying pressure from a tool, or moving a tool across a surface using dry out media such as graphite pencils, pen and ink, inked brushes, wax color pencils, crayons, charcoals, pastels, and markers. Digital tools, including pens, stylus, that simulate the effects of these are also used. The primary techniques used in drawing are: line cartoon, hatching, crosshatching, random hatching, shading, scribbling, stippling, and blending. An artist who excels in drawing is referred to as a draftsman or draughtsman.^[7]

Cartoon and painting goes dorsum tens of thousands of years. Art of the Upper Paleolithic includes figurative art beginning between about forty,000 to 35,000 years ago. Non-figurative cavern paintings consisting of hand stencils and simple geometric shapes are even older. Paleolithic cave representations of animals are found in areas such as Lascaux, France and Altamira, Spain in Europe, Maros, Sulawesi in Asia, and Gabarnmung, Australia.

In ancient Egypt, ink drawings on papyrus, often depicting people, were used as models for painting or sculpture. Drawings on Greek vases, initially geometric, later developed to the human grade with black-figure pottery during the 7th century BC.^[8]

With newspaper becoming common in Europe by the 15th century, drawing was adopted by masters such as Sandro Botticelli, Raphael, Michelangelo, and Leonardo da Vinci who sometimes treated drawing as an fine art in its ain right rather than a preparatory stage for painting or sculpture.^[9]

Painting [edit]

Painting taken literally is the practise of applying pigment suspended in a carrier (or medium) and a binding amanuensis (a glue) to a surface (support) such every bit newspaper, sail or a wall. Nevertheless, when used in an artistic sense it means the utilize of this activity in combination with drawing, composition, or other aesthetic considerations in order to manifest the expressive and conceptual intention of the practitioner. Painting is also used to express spiritual motifs and ideas; sites of this kind of painting range from artwork depicting mythological figures on pottery to The Sistine Chapel to the man body itself.^[10]

History [edit]

Origins and early history [edit]

Like drawing, painting has its documented origins in caves and on rock faces. The finest examples, believed by some to be 32,000 years onetime, are in the Chauvet and Lascaux caves in southern France. In shades of red, brown, yellowish and blackness, the paintings on the walls and ceilings are of bison, cattle, horses and deer.

Paintings of human figures can be found in the tombs of ancient Egypt. In the corking temple of Ramses II, Nefertari, his queen, is depicted existence led by Isis.^[xi] The Greeks contributed to painting but much of their work has been lost. One of the best remaining representations are the Hellenistic Fayum mummy portraits. Another case is mosaic of the Battle of Issus at Pompeii, which was probably based on a Greek painting. Greek and Roman fine art contributed to Byzantine art in the 4th century BC, which initiated a tradition in icon painting.^[12]

The Renaissance [edit]

Apart from the illuminated manuscripts produced by monks during the Heart Ages, the next meaning contribution to European art was from Italy's renaissance painters. From Giotto in the 13th century to Leonardo da Vinci and Raphael at the starting time of the 16th century, this was the richest period in Italian art equally the chiaroscuro techniques were used to create the illusion of 3-D space.^[13]

Painters in northern Europe too were influenced by the Italian schoolhouse. Jan van Eyck from Belgium, Pieter Bruegel the Elder from the netherlands and Hans Holbein the Younger from Germany are amidst the well-nigh successful painters of the times. They used the glazing technique with oils to reach depth and luminosity.

Dutch masters [edit]

The 17th century witnessed the emergence of the bully Dutch masters such every bit the versatile Rembrandt who was particularly remembered for his portraits and Bible scenes, and Vermeer who specialized in interior scenes of Dutch life.

Bizarre [edit]

The Baroque started after the Renaissance, from the late 16th century to the late 17th century. Principal artists of the Bizarre included Caravaggio, who fabricated heavy utilise of tenebrism. Peter Paul Rubens, a Flemish painter who studied in Italy, worked for local churches in Antwerp and besides painted a series for Marie de' Medici. Annibale Carracci took influences from the Sistine Chapel and created the genre of illusionistic ceiling painting. Much of the evolution that happened in the Baroque was considering of the Protestant Reformation and the resulting Counter Reformation. Much of what defines the Baroque is dramatic lighting and overall visuals.^[14]

Impressionism [edit]

Impressionism began in France in the 19th century with a loose association of artists including Claude Monet, Pierre-Auguste Renoir and Paul Cézanne who brought a new freely brushed manner to painting, frequently choosing to paint realistic scenes of modernistic life outside rather than in the studio. This was achieved through a new expression of artful features demonstrated by brush strokes and the impression of reality. They achieved intense colour vibration by using pure, unmixed colours and short brush strokes. The movement influenced art as a dynamic, moving through fourth dimension and adjusting to newfound techniques and perception of art. Attention to particular became less of a priority in achieving, whilst exploring a biased view of landscapes and nature to the artists heart.^{[15] [16]}

Post-impressionism [edit]

Towards the end of the 19th century, several young painters took impressionism a stage further, using geometric forms and unnatural colour to depict emotions while striving for deeper symbolism. Of particular note are Paul Gauguin, who was strongly influenced past Asian, African and Japanese art, Vincent van Gogh, a Dutchman who moved to French republic where he drew on the stiff sunlight of the due south, and Toulouse-Lautrec, remembered for his vivid paintings of night life in the Paris district of Montmartre.^[17]

Symbolism, expressionism and cubism [edit]

Edvard Munch, a Norwegian artist, adult his symbolistic approach at the finish of the 19th century, inspired past the French impressionist Manet. The Scream (1893), his most famous piece of work, is widely interpreted as representing the universal anxiety of modernistic human being. Partly as a result of Munch'southward influence, the German expressionist movement originated in Frg at the kickoff of the 20th century as artists such as Ernst Kirschner and Erich Heckel began to misconstrue reality for an emotional effect.

In parallel, the manner known as cubism developed in France equally artists focused on the volume and space of abrupt structures within a composition. Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque were the leading proponents of the movement. Objects are broken upwardly, analyzed, and re-assembled in an bathetic course. By the 1920s, the style had developed into surrealism with Dali and Magritte.^[18]

Printmaking [edit]

Ancient Chinese engraving of female instrumentalists

Printmaking is creating, for artistic purposes, an image on a matrix that is and then transferred to a two-dimensional (flat) surface past means of ink (or another form of pigmentation). Except in the case of a monotype, the same matrix tin can be used to produce many examples of the impress.

Historically, the major techniques (likewise chosen media) involved are woodcut, line engraving, carving, lithography, and screen printing (serigraphy, silk screening) but at that place are many others, including modern digital techniques. Unremarkably, the impress is printed on paper, only other mediums range from cloth and vellum to more mod materials.

European history [edit]

Prints in the Western tradition produced before virtually 1830 are known every bit quondam main prints. In Europe, from effectually 1400 Advertizing woodcut, was used for master prints on paper by using printing techniques developed in the Byzantine and Islamic worlds. Michael Wolgemut improved German woodcut from about 1475, and Erhard Reuwich, a Dutchman, was the start to use cross-hatching. At the stop of the century Albrecht Dürer brought the Western woodcut to a stage that has never been surpassed, increasing the status of the single-leaf woodcut.^[19]

Chinese origin and practice [edit]

In China, the art of printmaking developed some 1,100 years agone equally illustrations aslope text cut in woodblocks for printing on newspaper. Initially images were mainly religious but in the Song Dynasty, artists began to cut landscapes. During the Ming (1368–1644) and Qing (1616–1911) dynasties, the technique was perfected for both religious and artistic engravings.^{[20] [21]}

Evolution in Nihon 1603–1867 [edit]

Woodblock printing in Nippon (Japanese: 木版画, moku hanga) is a technique best known for its apply in the ukiyo-e artistic genre; however, it was likewise used very widely for press illustrated books in the same menses. Woodblock press had been used in China for centuries to impress books, long before the appearance of movable blazon, but was only widely adopted in Nihon during the Edo period (1603–1867). Although similar to woodcut in western printmaking in some regards, moku hanga differs profoundly in that water-based inks are used (as opposed to western woodcut, which uses oil-based inks), allowing for a broad range of vivid color, glazes and color transparency.

Photography [edit]

Photography is the process of making pictures by means of the activeness of light. The light patterns reflected or emitted from objects are recorded onto a sensitive medium or storage flake through a timed exposure. The process is done through mechanical shutters or electronically timed exposure of photons into chemical processing or digitizing devices known as cameras.

The word comes from the Greek φως phos ("lite"), and γραφις graphis ("stylus", "paintbrush") or γραφη graphê, together meaning "drawing with low-cal" or "representation by means of lines" or "drawing." Traditionally, the product of photography has been chosen a photo. The term photograph is an abbreviation; many people likewise call them pictures. In digital photography, the term image has begun to replace photograph. (The term image is traditional in geometric optics.)

Architecture [edit]

Architecture is the process and the production of planning, designing, and constructing buildings or whatsoever other structures. Architectural works, in the cloth form of buildings, are often perceived as cultural symbols and every bit works of art. Historical civilizations are frequently identified with their surviving architectural achievements.

The earliest surviving written work on the discipline of compages is De architectura, by the Roman architect Vitruvius in the early 1st century AD. According to Vitruvius, a expert building should satisfy the three principles of firmitas, utilitas, venustas, commonly known by the original translation – firmness, article and delight. An equivalent in modern English would be:

1. Durability – a building should stand upwards robustly and remain in good condition.
2. Utility – it should exist suitable for the purposes for which it is used.
3. Beauty – it should be aesthetically pleasing.

Building start evolved out of the dynamics between needs (shelter, security, worship, etc.) and ways (available edifice materials and attendant skills). Every bit human cultures developed and knowledge began to exist formalized through oral traditions and practices, edifice became a craft, and "compages" is the name given to the most highly formalized and respected versions of that craft.

Filmmaking [edit]

Filmmaking is the procedure of making a movement-picture, from an initial formulation and enquiry, through scriptwriting, shooting and recording, animation or other special furnishings, editing, sound and music work and finally distribution to an audition; it refers broadly to the creation of all types of films, embracing documentary, strains of theatre and literature in film, and poetic or experimental practices, and is often used to refer to video-based processes every bit well

Figurer fine art [edit]

Visual artists are no longer limited to traditional Visual arts media. Computers have been used as an e'er more than common tool in the visual arts since the 1960s. Uses include the capturing or creating of images and forms, the editing of those images and forms (including exploring multiple compositions) and the final rendering or printing (including 3D printing). Figurer art is whatever in which computers played a role in production or brandish. Such fine art can be an image, sound, blitheness, video, CD-ROM, DVD, video game, website, algorithm, performance or gallery installation. Many traditional disciplines are at present integrating digital technologies and, every bit a result, the lines betwixt traditional works of art and new media works created using computers accept been blurred. For example, an artist may combine traditional painting with algorithmic fine art and other digital techniques. As a outcome, defining computer fine art past its finish product tin can be difficult. All the same, this blazon of art is get-go to appear in art museum exhibits, though it has notwithstanding to bear witness its legitimacy equally a form unto itself and this technology is widely seen in contemporary art more as a tool rather than a form as with painting. On the other hand, there are reckoner-based artworks which belong to a new conceptual and postdigital strand, assuming the same technologies, and their social impact, as an object of inquiry.

Computer usage has blurred the distinctions between illustrators, photographers, photo editors, three-D modelers, and handicraft artists. Sophisticated rendering and editing software has led to multi-skilled image developers. Photographers may go digital artists. Illustrators may get animators. Handicraft may be computer-aided or use calculator-generated imagery as a template. Computer clip art usage has also made the articulate distinction betwixt visual arts and page layout less obvious due to the easy access and editing of prune art in the process of paginating a certificate, especially to the unskilled observer.

Plastic arts [edit]

Plastic arts is a term for fine art forms that involve physical manipulation of a plastic medium past moulding or modeling such as sculpture or ceramics. The term has also been applied to all the visual (non-literary, non-musical) arts.^{[22] [23]}

Materials that tin can be carved or shaped, such every bit stone or wood, physical or steel, take also been included in the narrower definition, since, with advisable tools, such materials are also capable of modulation.^{[ citation needed ]} This use of the term "plastic" in the arts should not be confused with Piet Mondrian's apply, nor with the move he termed, in French and English, "Neoplasticism."

Sculpture [edit]

Sculpture is three-dimensional artwork created by shaping or combining difficult or plastic fabric, sound, or text and or light, ordinarily stone (either rock or marble), clay, metallic, glass, or forest. Some sculptures are created directly by finding or carving; others are assembled, built together and fired, welded, molded, or cast. Sculptures are often painted.^[24] A person who creates sculptures is called a sculptor.

Because sculpture involves the use of materials that can be moulded or modulated, information technology is considered one of the plastic arts. The majority of public art is sculpture. Many sculptures together in a garden setting may exist referred to as a sculpture garden. Sculptors do non always make sculptures by mitt. With increasing technology in the 20th century and the popularity of conceptual art over technical mastery, more sculptors turned to art fabricators to produce their artworks. With fabrication, the artist creates a design and pays a fabricator to produce it. This allows sculptors to create larger and more complex sculptures out of material similar cement, metal and plastic, that they would not be able to create by hand. Sculptures tin besides be made with iii-d printing technology.

Usa copyright definition of visual art [edit]

In the U.s.a., the constabulary protecting the copyright over a piece of visual art gives a more than restrictive definition of "visual fine art".^[25]

A "work of visual fine art" is —
(1) a painting, cartoon, impress or sculpture, existing in a single re-create, in a limited edition of 200 copies or fewer that are signed and consecutively numbered by the author, or, in the case of a sculpture, in multiple bandage, carved, or fabricated sculptures of 200 or fewer that are consecutively numbered by the author and bear the signature or other identifying mark of the author; or
(ii) a still photographic image produced for exhibition purposes just, existing in a single copy that is signed by the author, or in a express edition of 200 copies or fewer that are signed and consecutively numbered by the author.

A work of visual art does non include —
(A)(i) whatever affiche, map, globe, chart, technical drawing, diagram, model, applied art, motion picture or other audiovisual work, volume, mag, newspaper, journal, data base of operations, electronic information service, electronic publication, or similar publication;
  (two) any merchandising item or advertising, promotional, descriptive, roofing, or packaging fabric or container;
  (iii) whatever portion or function of any detail described in clause (i) or (two);
(B) any work made for hire; or
(C) any piece of work not subject field to copyright protection under this championship.

Meet also [edit]

• Art materials
• Asemic writing
• Collage
• Crowdsourcing artistic work
• Décollage
• Environmental fine art
• Institute object
• Graffiti
• History of art
• Analogy
• Installation art
• Interactive art
• Mural art
• Mathematics and art
• Mixed media
• Portraiture
• Procedure fine art
• Recording medium
• Sketch (drawing)
• Sound art
• Vexillography
• Video art
• Visual arts and Theosophy
• Visual impairment in art
• Visual poesy

References [edit]

1. ^ An Virtually.com commodity by art adept, Shelley Esaak: What Is Visual Art?
2. ^ Dissimilar Forms of Art – Practical Art. Buzzle.com. Retrieved 11 Dec 2010.
3. ^ "Centre for Arts and Blueprint in Toronto, Canada". Georgebrown.ca. 15 Feb 2011. Archived from the original on 28 October 2011. Retrieved 30 October 2011.
4. ^ Art History: Arts and crafts Motility: (1861–1900). From World Wide Arts Resource Archived 13 October 2009 at the Portuguese Spider web Annal. Retrieved 24 Oct 2009.
5. ^ Ulger, Kani (1 March 2016). "The artistic training in the visual arts education". Thinking Skills and Inventiveness. 19: 73–87. doi:ten.1016/j.tsc.2015.10.007. ISSN 1871-1871.
6. ^ Adrone, Gumisiriza. "School of industrial art and pattern".
7. ^ "drawing | Principles, Techniques, & History". Encyclopedia Britannica . Retrieved 12 August 2020.
8. ^ History of Drawing. From Dibujos para Pintar. Retrieved 23 October 2009.
9. ^ "Drawing". History.com. 2006. Archived from the original on xiv March 2009. Retrieved 23 October 2009.
10. ^ "painting | History, Elements, Techniques, Types, & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica . Retrieved 12 Baronial 2020.
11. ^ History of Painting. From History Globe. Retrieved 23 Oct 2009.
12. ^ "Art history | visual arts". Encyclopedia Britannica . Retrieved 12 August 2020.
13. ^ History of Renaissance Painting. From Fine art 340 Painting. Retrieved 24 October 2009.
14. ^ Mutsaers, Inge. "Ashgate Joins Routledge – Routledge" (PDF). Ashgate.com. Retrieved 15 October 2018.
15. ^ "Impressionist fine art & paintings, What is Impressionist fine art? Introduction to Impressionism". Retrieved 24 September 2018.
16. ^ Impressionism. Webmuseum, Paris. Retrieved 24 Oct 2009
17. ^ Post-Impressionism. Metropolitan Museum of Fine art. Retrieved 25 October 2009.
18. ^ Modern Art Movements. Irish Art Encyclopedia. Retrieved 25 October 2009.
19. ^ The Printed Image in the West: History and Techniques. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 25 Oct 2009.
20. ^ Engraving in Chinese Art. From Engraving Review Archived 29 July 2012 at annal.today. Retrieved 23 Oct 2009.
21. ^ The History of Engraving in China. From ChinaVista. Retrieved 25 Oct 2009.
22. ^ Art Terminology at KSU ^{[ dead link ]}
23. ^ "Merriam-Webster Online (entry for "plastic arts")". Merriam-webster.com. Retrieved xxx October 2011.
24. ^ Gods in Colour: Painted Sculpture of Classical Antiquity 22 September 2007 Through xx January 2008, The Arthur Chiliad. Sackler Museum Archived four January 2009 at the Wayback Machine
25. ^ "Copyright Law of the United states of america of America – Chapter 1 (101. Definitions)". .gov. Retrieved 30 October 2011.

Bibliography [edit]

• Barnes, A. C., The Fine art in Painting, third ed., 1937, Harcourt, Brace & World, Inc., NY.
• Bukumirovic, D. (1998). Maga Magazinovic. Biblioteka Fatalne srpkinje knj. br. 4. Beograd: Narodna knj.
• Fazenda, 1000. J. (1997). Between the pictorial and the expression of ideas: the plastic arts and literature in the trip the light fantastic of Paula Massano. n.p.
• Gerón, C. (2000). Enciclopedia de las artes plásticas dominicanas: 1844–2000. 4th ed. Dominican Republic s.due north.
• Oliver Grau (Ed.): MediaArtHistories. MIT-Press, Cambridge 2007. with Rudolf Arnheim, Barbara Stafford, Sean Cubitt, Westward. J. T. Mitchell, Lev Manovich, Christiane Paul, Peter Weibel a.o. Rezensionen
• Laban, R. Five. (1976). The language of movement: a guidebook to choreutics. Boston: Plays.
• La Farge, O. (1930). Plastic prayers: dances of the Southwestern Indians. n.p.
• Restany, P. (1974). Plastics in arts. Paris, New York: n.p.
• Academy of Pennsylvania. (1969). Plastics and new art. Philadelphia: The Falcon Pr.

External links [edit]

• ArtLex – online dictionary of visual art terms.
• Agenda for Artists – calendar listing of visual art festivals.
• Art History Timeline by the Metropolitan Museum of Art.

whitakertagathe93.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_arts

Share this post